Competition
Application counts obtained from the NIH Center for Scientific Review under a Freedom of Information Act request. The success rate is awards divided by applications received, the direct measure of how hard it is to be funded.
Collaboration
Yearly averages across all principal investigators in the sample, computed on their complete publication record rather than on grant-linked papers only. Aggregate figures only; no individual researcher data is included.
Disruption
CD index (fixed 5-year citation window), averaged per study section and year across the linked publication record. Positive values indicate disruptive work, negative values indicate work that consolidates prior findings.